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Anniversaries: X years ago today

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10 years ago today, at the age of 57, Prince died at his Paisley Park home and recording studio in Chanhassen, Minnesota, after accidentally overdosing on counterfeit hydrocodone/paracetamol pills.

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100 years ago today, Elizabeth II was born. She was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.

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10 years ago today, the U.S. treasury secretary announced plans to put an image of the famed abolitionist Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill, replacing Andrew Jackson—a slave owner.

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40 years ago today, after an absence of more than 60 years, Russian and American pianist Vladimir Horowitz gave a concert in Moscow that went down in music history.

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75 years ago today, Luther Vandross, an American R&B and soul singer, songwriter, and record producer, was born. He achieved eleven consecutive RIAA-certified platinum albums.

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80 years ago today, Tim Curry, an Emmy Award-winning English actor and singer, was born. He is famous for playing many villainous roles.

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120 years ago today, the 7.9 Mw earthquake and fire destroyed much of San Francisco, California, killing more than 3,000 people and making it one of the worst natural disasters in American history.

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65 years ago today, a group of Cuban exiles financed and trained by the CIA landed at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel Castro.

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40 years ago today, Simone de Beauvoir, a French existentialist philosopher, writer, social theorist, and feminist activist, died.

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255 years ago today, Richard Trevithick, a British inventor, mining engineer and son of a mining captain, was born in the mining heartland of Cornwall.

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65 years ago today, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first crewed orbital flight, Vostok 1.

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165 years ago today, the American Civil War began with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

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400 years ago today, Francis Bacon, an English philosopher and statesman, died of pneumonia at Highgate outside London. He served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.

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40 years ago today, Clint Eastwood won election as the nonpartisan mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. He earned $200 per month in that position which he donated to the Carmel Youth Center.

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75 years ago today, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.

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30 years ago today, suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski was captured at his Montana cabin in the United States.

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430 years ago today, René Descartes, a French philosopher, scientist, logician, and mathematician, was born. Mathematics was paramount to his method of inquiry.

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170 years ago today, the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the Crimean War.

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100 years ago today, Ingvar Kamprad, a Swedish billionaire businessman, was born. He founded IKEA in 1943 and grew it into a multinational retail company.

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85 years ago today, Virginia Woolf, an English writer and one of the most influential 20th-century modernist authors, drowned herself by walking into the fast-flowing River Ouse near her home.

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125 years ago today, Carl Barks, an American cartoonist, author, and painter, was born. He is best known for his work in Disney comic books.

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105 years ago today, the inaugural Women's Olympiad, the first international women's sports event, opened at the International Sporting Club of Monaco in Monte Carlo.

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200 years ago today, Matilda Joslyn Gage, an American writer and activist, was born. She is mainly known for her contributions to women's suffrage in the United States.

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90 years ago today, Lee "Scratch" Perry, a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer, was born. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music.

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205 years ago today, Richard Francis Burton, a British explorer, army officer, writer and scholar, was born. He was famed for his travels and explorations in Asia, Africa and South Americ.

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100 years ago today, Peter Graves, an American actor, was born. He portrayed Jim Phelps in the television series *Mission: Impossible* from 1967 to 1973 and in its revival from 1988 to 1990.

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100 years ago today, Jerry Lewis, an American comedian, actor, singer, filmmaker and humanitarian, was born.

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35 years ago today, the Birmingham Six walked free. They were six men who were each sentenced to life imprisonment in 1975 following their false convictions for the 1974 Birmingham pub bombings.

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95 years ago today, Neil Postman, an American author, educator, media theorist, and cultural critic, was born. He eschewed digital technology, including personal computers and mobile devices.

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40 years ago today, Georgia O'Keeffe, an American modernist painter and draftswoman, died. Her career spanned seven decades and her work remained largely independent of major art movements.

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80 years ago today, Winston Churchill delivered his famous "Iron Curtain" speech at Westminster College, Missouri.

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115 years ago today, Jean Harlow, an American actress, was born. She portrayed "bad girl" characters and was the leading sex symbol of the early 1930s.

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40 years ago today, Olof Palme, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden, was assassinated in Stockholm.

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30 years ago today, Pokemon was released in Japan with Red and Green

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90 years ago today, Ivan Pavlov, a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist, died. He discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

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25 years ago today, Taliban leader Mullah Muhammad Omar ordered to destroy all the statues in Afghanistan "so that no one can worship or respect them in the future".

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185 years ago today, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, a French artist, was born. He was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style.

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70 years ago today, in his speech *On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences*, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, denounced Stalin.

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70 years ago today, Philip Kerr, a Scottish author, was born. He wrote the Bernie Gunther series of historical detective thrillers.

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53 years ago today, after accidentally straying into the airspace of the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 was shot down by two Israeli fighter aircraft, killing 108 of the 113 people on board.

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198 years ago today, the inaugural issue of the Cherokee Phoenix, the first newspaper in a Native American language, was published.

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210 years ago today, *The Barber of Seville*, an opera buffa composed by Gioachino Rossini, premiered at the Teatro Argentina in Rome to jeers from the audience.

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80 years ago today, Karen Silkwood, an American laboratory technician and labor union activist, was born.

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10 years ago today, Umberto Eco, an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and political and social commentator, died.

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510 years ago today, Mary I of England was born. She is labeled **"Bloody Mary"**.

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90 years ago today, *The Phantom*, an American adventure comic strip series, began with a daily newspaper strip published by Lee Falk.

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25 years ago today, William Masters, an American gynecologist and the senior member of the Masters and Johnson human sexuality research team, died.

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80 years ago today, ENIAC, the first electronic general-purpose computer, was formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

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150 years ago today, Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent for the telephone, as did Elisha Gray.

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30 years ago today, Take That formally announced that they were disbanding. This was followed by the *Greatest Hits* compilation in 1996.

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165 years ago today, Lou Andreas-Salomé, a Russian-born psychoanalyst and a well-traveled author, narrator, and essayist from a French Huguenot-German family, was born.

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100 years ago today, Leslie Nielsen, a Canadian-American actor and comedian, was born. With a career spanning 60 years, he appeared in more than 100 films and 150 television programs.

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100 years ago today, Paul Bocuse, a French chef, was born. Dubbed "the pope of gastronomy", he was affectionately nicknamed **Monsieur Paul** (Mister Paul).

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30 years ago today, IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.

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60 years ago today, Sophie Tucker, a Russian-American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality, died. She was known by the nickname "the Last of the Red-Hot Mamas".

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60 years ago today, Rick Astley, an English singer, songwriter, radio DJ and podcaster, was born.

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90 years ago today, Tony Ryan, an Irish billionaire businessman and philanthropist, was born. He co-founded Ryanair in 1984 along with cofounders Christy Ryan and Liam Lonergan.

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30 years ago today, Gene Kelly, an American dancer, actor, singer, director and choreographer, died. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style.

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83 years ago today, the Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last organized German troops in the city.

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175 years ago today, Mary Shelley, an English novelist, died. She wrote the Gothic novel *Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus* (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction.

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Brandon Lee, the son of Bruce Lee, was born today 61 years ago

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340 years ago today, Hans Egede, a Norwegian Lutheran priest and missionary, was born. He launched mission efforts to Greenland, which led him to be styled the Apostle of Greenland.

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80 years ago today, Paul Alexander, an American paralytic polio survivor, attorney and author, was born. He spent the vast majority of his life in an iron lung.

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115 years ago today, the Magonista rebellion in Mexico started when Mexican Liberal Party troops captured the town of Mexicali.

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40 years ago today, the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds into its tenth mission, killing all seven crew members.

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54 years ago, Vesna Vulović, survived falling 10,160 m (33,330 ft) after a terrorist blew up the plane she was in.

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75 years ago today, Jarmila Kratochvílová, a Czechoslovak former track and field athlete, was born. In 1983, she set the world record for the 800 metres, which still stands.

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70 years ago today, Buddy Holly, an American singer, songwriter, and musician, attended his first formal recording session, which was produced by Owen Bradley.

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45 years ago today, the Gang of Four were sentenced at their trial. The Gang of Four was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials.

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1,985 years ago today, Claudius was proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinated the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.

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75 years ago today, Sully Sullenberger, an American retired aircraft pilot, diplomat and aviation safety expert, was born. He is best known for his actions as captain of US Airways Flight 1549.

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125 years ago today, Edward VII was proclaimed King of the United Kingdom after the death of his mother, Queen Victoria.

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80 years ago today, David Lynch, an American filmmaker, actor, painter, and musician, was born. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.

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I’m currently watching Twin Peaks, as it’s available in the ARTE media library. A very strange series.

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80 years ago today, Dolly Parton, an American singer, songwriter, actress, philanthropist, and businesswoman, was born.

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90 years ago today, Rudyard Kipling, an English journalist, novelist, poet and short-story writer, died. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.

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60 years ago today, a B-52 bomber collided with a KC-135 Stratotanker, killing seven airmen, and dropping three 70-kiloton nuclear bombs near the town of Palomares and another one into the sea.

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270 years ago today, the Treaty of Westminster, a treaty of neutrality between Frederick the Great of Prussia and King George II of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover, was signed.

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95 years ago today, Caterina Valente, an Italian-French multilingual singer, guitarist, and dancer, was born. She spoke six languages and sang in thirteen.

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150 years ago today, Jack London, an American novelist, journalist and activist, was born.

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50 years ago today, Agatha Christie, an English author, died. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers, particularly in the mystery genre.

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60 years ago today, the first episode of *Daktari*, an American family drama series, aired on CBS. The series is an Ivan Tors Films Production in association with MGM Television.

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55 years ago today, Coco Chanel, a French fashion designer and businesswoman, died. She was the founder and namesake of the Chanel brand.

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10 years ago today, on the English musician David Bowie's 69th birthday, *Blackstar*, his twenty-sixth and final studio album, was released. It was recorded in secret in New York City.

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https://www.discogs.com/master/939598-David-Bowie–Blackstar

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5 years ago today, Americans stormed the United States Capitol Building to disrupt certification of the 2020 presidential election, resulting in four deaths and evacuation of the U.S. Congress.

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210 years ago today, George Prevost, a British Army officer and colonial administrator, died. He is most well known as the "Defender of Canada" during the War of 1812.

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90 years ago today, *Billboard* magazine published its first pop chart based on record sales.

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